The implications of the syrian war for new regional orders in the middle east rami g. The conflict began on 15 march 2011, with demonstrations. A peaceful uprising against the president of syria almost eight years ago turned into a fullscale civil war. Below are a few resources focusing on the causes and consequences of the ongoing hopefully soon to be recent civil war in syria. After nearly two years of conflict syrian society shows increasing signs of coming apart along traditional sectarian faultlines that, in recent years, have been suppressed under a veneer of national unity. Syria has not been immune from the wave of prodemocracy agitation that has swept the arab world since the end of 2010. However, sectarian rhetoric and perceptions came to prevail in the ensuing conflict. Nasty bad men dictators in the middle east dont allow people to vote and oppress anyone who opposes them. Peace and conflict monitor, causes and catalysts of the civil. The conflict drew involvement from a number of international actors and helped precipitate the rise of isil also called isis or islamic state in eastern syria. The devastating civil war that began in syria in march 2011 is the result of complex interrelated factors. Syria also moved closer to egypt due to their shared socialist commitments.
Past experience could either act as a facilitator or a hindrance to a new agreement, and it is not clear whether international intervention, without the parties to the conflict committed to a peaceful settlement, is an indispensible instrument of. Hof, senior fellow, rafik hariri center for the middle east, atlantic council of the united states and. Understanding why the conflict began is only possible when these causes are considered together as a holistic whole rather than as standalone explanations. On day of rage, small protests against the regime of president bashar alassad. Most of the 1960s were characterized by coups, military revolts, bloody riots, and other civil disorders. Among those glancing at syrias sevenyear conflict, a simple but misleading declaration is circulating. Being one of the most discussed and impactful conflicts of the last decade or so, the syrian civil war is undoubtedly worthy of an analysis from the perspective of the field of international studies. Peace and conflict monitor, causes and catalysts of the. The main conflict is held between nonformed rebels wanted to overthrow the power government baath party and the resignation of the syrian president bashar alassad, whose family rules the country since 1971. The unique make up of syria, the war in iraq, and arab spring are 3 possible causes. Foreign backing and open intervention have played a large role in syrias war. Beginning in january 2011 and gathering momentum in midmarch, major protest demonstrations took place throughout syria, including the kurdish areas. The syrian uprising began in march 2011 with antigovernment protests in provincial areas that later spread throughout the country.
Conflict mapping and the syrian civil war conflict analysis. Syrian civil war, armed conflict that began in 2011 with an uprising against the regime of syrian president bashar alassad. It has also caused the biggest wave of disorderly migration since the second world war and facilitated the emergence of armed extremist. Mar 31, 2020 syrian civil war, armed conflict that began in 2011 with an uprising against the regime of syrian president bashar alassad. Syria under baath party was a secular oasis in the region. Sep 18, 2018 the syrian civil war, which has devastated the entire country of syria and its neighbors, is a complex conflict that involves several nations, rebel groups and terrorist organizations. In 1961, syria broke this arrangement due to egypts dominance and formed the syrian arab republic.
The patchwork of control that predominated for the first part of the conflict now has consolidated to three zones. Response congressional research service 2 emerged as a persistent challenge for u. Final resolution of the syrian conflict will require negotiations over the future of those zones. Russia entered the conflict in 2015 and has been the assad governments main ally since then. The syrian conflict is as a multilayered struggle involving many actors and interests. The uprising emerged as a response to the arab spring movement that lead to regime change in tunisia and subsequently turned into mass unrest rooted into the discontent with longterm dictatorship and poor economic situation in the country manfreda, n. When the war is over and the world has time to reflect, history will become clearer.
War money lost are in millions and innocent lives are lost in thousands. While the lebanese hezbollah and the iraqi government stand by the syrian regime, sunni politicians in lebanon and sunni tribes and jihadist groups in iraq support the rebels. Syrian civil war started in 2011 was the outcome of the opposition against the president bashar alassad regime. Conflict mapping and the syrian civil war by mlh26 11 february 2018 generally speaking, conflict assessments are conducted with the aim of improving the effectiveness of conflict prevention and management programmes and strategies. The causes and catalysts of the current civil war in syria are many and varied, including narratives that range across religion, poverty, past repression, and ideology. The implications of the syrian war for new regional orders. Beginning in january 2011 and gathering momentum in midmarch, major protest demonstrations took place throughout syria, including the kurdish areas, meeting brutal repression from the authorities. Within a month following the first wave of protests in midmarch 2011, sectarian iden. Syrias descent into armed conflict has been accompanied by another trend equally alarming. Regime and rebels are locked in a battle for survival. Causes, consequences, and recommendations for mitigation a paper commissioned by the center for the prevention of genocide, united states holocaust memorial museum by ambassador frederic c. Irrespective of the original causes of the conflict, a number of other issues will have arisen during the conflict. Pdf a conflict analysis of the intergroup conflict in syria. Syrian civil was is an armed conflict, which started in march 2011 and developed into international demonstrations in april.
The conflict has left more than 360,000 people dead. Dec 20, 2016 the unique make up of syria, the war in iraq, and arab spring are 3 possible causes. The emergence and consequences of the syrian civil war. It is important to remember that, as the war is still going on, its main causes are still unclear, and most are based on certain point of views. Discontent with authoritarianism and assad familys long reign of power in syria since the 1970s. It has resulted in the deaths of an estimated half a million people, injured and displacing millions more, devastated the countrys infrastructure and is rumbling on with no end in sight. The syrian uprising began in march 2011 when security forces of president bashar alassad opened fire on and killed several prodemocracy protesters in the southern syrian city of deraa. However, this is not to deny that some causes and catalysts have been.
The context, causes, and consequences of syrian displacement. These demonstrations were like demonstrations held in other arab. If the conflict was not caused by ageold sectarian hatreds released by a. Causes and consequences of the syrian civil war scholar. Structural factors present within the country created tensions when the revolutionary wave of the arab spring invested the frustrations of many segments of the. The first step in dealing with conflict is identifying the specific cause of the conflict. Water, drought, climate change, and conflict in syria. The following essay will deal with the ongoing violent conflict in syria, generally known as the syrian civil war. The civil war in syria and the impotence of international politics muriel asseburg and heiko wimmen entering the third year of the con.
A living child has its whole life as a future, but its ripped off. War and conflict in relation to development is part of the a level sociology global development topic. It is a conflict between forces of the baath government and forces who want to remove this government. Although the protests began in march 2011, the battle for power or internal control in syria is not a fresh issue. Thesis statementthe cause of the civil war is not simply one component, but a multitude of historical moments that have led up to the modern and current ones we see today all combined together creating a deterioration of stability in syria i.
A cheat sheet1 1 causes of the syrian civil war discontent with authoritarianism and assad familys long reign of power in syria since the 1970s syria is 74% sunni, but the assad family is part of a shia sect known as the alawites. A conflict analysis of the intergroup conflict in syria. Apr 28, 2018 the syrian war has lasted for over seven years, from the initial protests against the regime to the internationalised conflict today. Causes of the civil war in syria a summary to my mind, for the purposes of a level sociology you can simplify the causes of this conflict thus. Since the start of the syrian civil war in 2011, the united nations have tried to adopt a resolution that would refer the situation in syria to the international criminal court who would commission the investigation of the horrific war crimes being committed in the country. Syrian civil war has garnered mass amounts of attention since violence first broke out in 2011. Roots of the syrian crisis institute of peace and conflict. In the first, assads government, bolstered by vital aid from iran and russia, controls most of the country and its key population centers in western. Egypt and syria merged in 1958 to become the united arab republic. Initially, the syrian protesters who rose up against the regime of syrian president bashar alassad in 2011 adopted a nonsectarian approach.
This senior thesis is an in depth analysis of the historical causes of the syrian civil war. Note the separate alawite area and the separate druze area. The baath government is fighting against people who want to remove this government. Discontent about the governments response to the drought that beset syria from. May 19, 20 syrian civil was is an armed conflict, which started in march 2011 and developed into international demonstrations in april. Syrian conflict, this report is meant as a tool rather than as a defin itive history or a. While many expected syria to follow in the pattern of the other middle eastern states with arab spring movements, the syrian conflict has followed a decidedly difference. Khouri1 abstract this paper argues that the impact of the eightyear war in syria will reverberate across the region for years to come, and explores, in particular. Conflict mapping and the syrian civil war conflict. Syrian civil war compiled by thomas plofchan march 6, 2011. The syrian crisis, which started in 2011 as an antigovernment protest against president basharalassad, transformed into a civil war in the first quarter of 2012. Dec 14, 2016 causes and consequences of the civil war in syria below are a few resources focusing on the causes and consequences of the ongoing hopefully soon to be recent civil war in syria. The syrian war has lasted for over seven years, from the initial protests against the regime to the internationalised conflict today. The syrian conflict is portrayed by many as a sectarian one since a majority of the population.
While lack of freedoms and economic woes drove resentment of the syrian. Apr 14, 2018 after seven years of murderous conflict, syria is now the battlefield for a multitude of conflicts, some intertwined, some entirely unrelated and with their own logic, driven by a cast of regional. Syrians governments capabilities and willingness to. In the southern town of daraa, police arrest some fifteen young boys for spraypainting buildings with the slogan, the people want the downfall of the regime. This guardian video does a reasonable job of explaining some of the causes of the syrian civil war in. The third, fourth and fifth chapters summarize the necessary empirical evidence about the syrian conflict. The syrian uprisings transformation to civil war is a result of the assads ruling practices. The crisis had all the features of a cold war before the direct involvement of the super powers. The syrian civil war, also known as the syrian uprising arabic. Syrias war explained from the beginning news al jazeera. Being able to identify the specific cause of the conflict youre dealing with will. The army is also supported by 200,000 irregular forces, mainly from the.
However, the causes listed below are major factors that led to the start of the syrian civil war and have kept it going. For example, an increase in poverty and grievances are likely to have added to the complexity of conflict resolution or may have even become more important than the original dispute. Sectarian situation the syrian conflict is portrayed by many as a sectarian one since a majority of the population was sunni and the president is an alawite, considered a subsect of shias. Firstly, there has been a huge loss in terms of human deaths and damages to property. Discontent with authoritarianism and assad familys long reign of power in syria since the 1970s syria is 74% sunni, but the assad family is part of a shia sect known as the alawites high unemployment, limited opportunities for upward mobility, few political freedoms within country arab spring and success of protest in egypt, tunisia, and other neighboring. The syrian conflict is portrayed by many as a sectarian one since a majority of the population was sunni and the president is an alawite, considered a subsect of shias. These negotiations will cover the terms under which the syrian government reasserts its authority and will involve russia, turkey, the syrian government, and syrian armed opposition groups. I argue that the main components leading to the civil war under bashar alasad were as follows. Conflict resolution and the syrian war conflict analysis. The focus of the conflict is regime change, but the triggers include a broad set of religious and sociopolitical factors, the erosion of the economic health of the country, a wave of political reform sweeping over the middle east and north africa mena and levant region, and challenges. The syrian civil war, also known as the syrian uprising or syrian crisis arabic. The uprising spread throughout the country, demanding assads resignation and an end to his authoritarian leadership. As mentioned in the previous section, the essay will deal with causes and consequences of the syrian civil war.
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